It is also called toxemia of pregnancy or pregnancy that induces hypertension. This is a syndrome that develops after the 20th week of pregnancy. It is characterized by:

• Blood pressure at or above 140/90mmHg.
• Swelling of the feet and ankles.
• Proteinuria

PET Causes

PET’s specific cause is unknown; however it is thought to be linked to a malfunction in the immunological process that controls the normal feto-maternal host response.

Signs and symptoms of PET

• Proteinuria or other symptoms of renal disease
• Headaches that are severe
• Vision changes, such as momentary blindness, blurred vision, or light sensitivity
• Upper abdomen ache, commonly on the right side under the ribs.
• Vomiting or nausea
• Urine production has decreased.
• Platelet levels in your blood are low (thrombocytopenia)
• Inadequate liver function
• Fluid in your lungs causes shortness of breath.
• Preeclampsia can cause sudden weight gain and swelling (edema), especially in the face and hands.

Complications of PET

Eclampsia: which is PET complicated with convulsions or fits, is the most serious condition. The main reasons are cerebral hypoxia (a shortage of oxygen in the brain) and cerebral edema.
Placental Abruption: Placental abruption that is bleeding into the base of the placenta leading to fetal death, is another important complication.
Chronic hypertension: Some patients may develop chronic hypertension after delivery.

Medical treatment

1.Sedatives:As Diazepam 2-5mg every 8-12 hours.

2.Antihypertensives

3.Calcium channel blockers[Nifedipine]

4.Adreno-receptor blockers[Labetalol, atenolol..]

5.Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors[Captopril]

6.Diazoxide[Loop diuretics’]

 Risk Factors

Preeclampsia occurs only as a result of a pregnancy problem. The following are some of the risk factors:

• Preeclampsia history: Preeclampsia is more likely if you have a personal or family history of the condition.
• Chronic Hypertension: Preeclampsia is more likely to occur if you already have persistent hypertension.
• First pregnancy: Preeclampsia is most likely to occur during your first pregnancy.
• New paternity: Preeclampsia is more likely in a first or second pregnancy with a new partner than in a 2nd or 3rd pregnancy with the same spouse.
• Age: Preeclampsia is more likely in extremely young pregnant women as well as pregnant women over 35.
• Race: Preeclampsia is more common in black women than in women of other races.
• Obesity: Obesity increases your risk of preeclampsia.
• Multiple pregnancies: Women who are expecting twins, triplets, or other multiples are more likely to develop preeclampsia.
• Pregnancies are separated by a period of time: Preeclampsia is more likely when babies are born less than two years apart or more than ten years apart.
• Certain conditions have a history: Preeclampsia is more likely to occur if you have chronic high BP, headaches, type 1 or type 2 diabetes, kidney illness, a predisposition to produce blood clots, or lupus before you get pregnant.
• IVF

Pre-eclamptic toxemia is commonly caused in pregnancy and is an important thing that you need to take care of.

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